{"id":4757,"date":"2023-05-31T13:35:23","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T11:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meridionalteam.com\/es\/?p=4757"},"modified":"2023-05-31T13:35:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T11:35:23","slug":"comment-les-etrangers-ou-les-immigres-vivant-en-espagne-peuvent-ils-voter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meridionalteam.com\/fr\/como-pueden-votar-los-extranjeros-o-inmigrantes-que-viven-en-espana\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s vivant en Espagne peuvent-ils voter ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bienvenue sur le blog de Meridional. Aujourd'hui, nous allons aborder un sujet d'actualit\u00e9 : comment les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s vivant en Espagne peuvent-ils voter ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A la lumi\u00e8re de l'actualit\u00e9 espagnole et des nombreuses questions que vous nous avez adress\u00e9es, nous allons tenter d'expliquer comment il est possible de voter et m\u00eame de se porter candidat. Commen\u00e7ons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le droit de vote des \u00e9trangers en Espagne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout d'abord, il convient de rappeler qu'il existe quatre types de processus \u00e9lectoraux en Espagne. Il s'agit des \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, r\u00e9gionales, municipales et europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D'une part, les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales permettent d'\u00e9lire les membres du Congr\u00e8s des d\u00e9put\u00e9s et du S\u00e9nat et, d'autre part, les \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales permettent d'\u00e9lire les membres des parlements r\u00e9gionaux. Enfin, les \u00e9lections municipales permettent d'\u00e9lire les membres des corporations locales (conseils municipaux) et les \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales permettent d'\u00e9lire les membres du Parlement europ\u00e9en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il convient \u00e9galement de garder \u00e0 l'esprit que les citoyens \u00e9trangers en Espagne sont class\u00e9s en citoyens de l'UE, c'est-\u00e0-dire ceux qui viennent des \u00c9tats membres de l'UE, et en citoyens non europ\u00e9ens, c'est-\u00e0-dire ceux qui viennent de pays tiers qui ne sont pas membres de l'Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enfin, il est n\u00e9cessaire de clarifier deux concepts de base : le suffrage actif et le suffrage passif. Le premier est le droit de tous les citoyens de voter et d'\u00e9lire librement leurs repr\u00e9sentants. Le second est le droit de tout citoyen de se porter candidat et d'\u00eatre \u00e9lu comme repr\u00e9sentant dans les processus \u00e9lectoraux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment le suffrage (actif et passif) est-il r\u00e9glement\u00e9 dans la l\u00e9gislation espagnole actuelle en ce qui concerne les citoyens \u00e9trangers ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout d'abord, la Constitution espagnole \u00e9tablit que : seuls les Espagnols ont le droit de participer aux affaires publiques, directement ou par l'interm\u00e9diaire de repr\u00e9sentants librement choisis lors d'\u00e9lections p\u00e9riodiques au suffrage universel, \u00e0 moins que, conform\u00e9ment aux crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9, le droit de suffrage actif des \u00e9trangers aux \u00c9LECTIONS MUNICIPALES ne soit \u00e9tabli par un trait\u00e9 ou une loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans le m\u00eame sens, la l\u00e9gislation nationale sur les \u00e9trangers \u00e9tablit que : les \u00e9trangers r\u00e9sidant en Espagne peuvent avoir le droit de vote aux \u00c9LECTIONS MUNICIPALES, dans les conditions \u00e9tablies par la Constitution, les trait\u00e9s internationaux, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, et la loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, c'est la l\u00e9gislation \u00e9lectorale, et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la loi sur les \u00e9lections, qui est en cause. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672\">Loi organique 5\/1985 du 19 juin 1985 sur le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, qui r\u00e9git le suffrage actif et passif des citoyens \u00e9trangers. <\/a>communaut\u00e9 et non-communaut\u00e9 dans les \u00c9LECTIONS MUNICIPALES.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En particulier, le TITRE III sur les dispositions sp\u00e9ciales pour les \u00e9lections municipales \u00e9tablit dans son CHAPITRE UN, article 169, le droit de vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Droit de vote pour les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Espagne.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sans pr\u00e9judice des dispositions du chapitre I du titre I de la pr\u00e9sente loi, les \u00e9trangers r\u00e9sidant en Espagne et dont les pays respectifs autorisent les Espagnols \u00e0 voter \u00e0 ces \u00e9lections, en vertu d'un trait\u00e9, jouissent du droit de vote aux \u00e9lections municipales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De m\u00eame, toutes les personnes r\u00e9sidant en Espagne qui, sans avoir acquis la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole, ont le droit de vote aux \u00e9lections municipales, jouissent du droit de vote aux \u00e9lections municipales :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) ont le statut de citoyens de l'Union europ\u00e9enne au sens de l'article 8, paragraphe 1, point 2, du trait\u00e9 instituant la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) remplir les conditions d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vues par la pr\u00e9sente loi pour les Espagnols et avoir exprim\u00e9 leur volont\u00e9 d'exercer le droit de vote en Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le gouvernement communique au bureau de recensement \u00e9lectoral la liste des \u00c9tats \u00e9trangers dont les ressortissants, r\u00e9sidant en Espagne, doivent \u00eatre inscrits au recensement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le droit d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 est inclus dans le CHAPITRE DEUX, article 177.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Droit au suffrage passif.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sans pr\u00e9judice des dispositions du chapitre II du titre I de la pr\u00e9sente loi, toutes les personnes r\u00e9sidant en Espagne qui, sans avoir acquis la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole, sont \u00e9ligibles aux \u00e9lections municipales :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) avoir la qualit\u00e9 de citoyen de l'Union europ\u00e9enne dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 l'article 8.1.2 du trait\u00e9 instituant la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne, ou \u00eatre ressortissant d'un pays qui accorde, en vertu d'un trait\u00e9, le droit de vote aux citoyens espagnols lors des \u00e9lections municipales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) remplir les conditions d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vues par la pr\u00e9sente loi pour les Espagnols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) n'ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9s du droit d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 dans leur \u00c9tat d'origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sont in\u00e9ligibles \u00e0 la fonction de maire ou de conseiller ceux qui se trouvent dans l'un des cas pr\u00e9vus \u00e0 l'article 6 de la pr\u00e9sente loi et, en outre, les d\u00e9biteurs directs ou subsidiaires de la corporation locale correspondante contre lesquels un titre ex\u00e9cutoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mis par r\u00e9solution judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par cons\u00e9quent, nous pouvons conclure qu'en Espagne, les citoyens \u00e9trangers, qu'ils soient ressortissants de l'UE ou de pays tiers et qu'ils r\u00e9sident l\u00e9galement dans le pays, ont le droit de vote et d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9, exclusivement dans les processus \u00e9lectoraux municipaux, avec la particularit\u00e9 que, dans le cas des ressortissants de pays tiers, il doit exister un trait\u00e9 qui permette aux citoyens espagnols d'exercer leur droit de vote dans les m\u00eames conditions dans le pays en question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-95d5ecf\" data-block-id=\"95d5ecf\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-button-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button stk-block stk-5049fc6\" data-block-id=\"5049fc6\"><style>.stk-5049fc6 .stk-button{background:var(--stk-global-color-51554,#3a9d33) !important}<\/style><a class=\"stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken\" href=\"https:\/\/meridionalteam.com\/fr\/es\/services-juridiques-pour-etrangers\/\"><span class=\"stk-button__inner-text\">Consultez les avocats de Meridional si vous avez des doutes sur votre cas.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9lections municipales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lors des \u00e9lections municipales, les \u00e9trangers des pays avec lesquels il existe un accord de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 et les citoyens europ\u00e9ens qui en ont fait la demande \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, ainsi que les immigr\u00e9s qui ont acquis la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole, peuvent voter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En d'autres termes, les \u00e9migrants des pays ayant conclu un accord de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9, les citoyens europ\u00e9ens et les citoyens naturalis\u00e9s peuvent voter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lors de ces \u00e9lections municipales, les citoyens espagnols \u00e2g\u00e9s de plus de 18 ans peuvent voter, mais aussi les \u00e9trangers r\u00e9sidant en Espagne s'ils sont citoyens de l'Union europ\u00e9enne ou s'il existe un accord de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 avec leur pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon un communiqu\u00e9 de presse de l'Institut national de la statistique, les personnes originaires de Bolivie, du Cap-Vert, du Chili, de Colombie, de Cor\u00e9e, d'\u00c9quateur, d'Islande, de Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, du Paraguay, du P\u00e9rou et de Trinit\u00e9-et-Tobago qui ont l'autorisation de r\u00e9sider en Espagne, c'est-\u00e0-dire qui sont en situation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, pourront voter aux \u00e9lections municipales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, ils doivent avoir r\u00e9sid\u00e9 en Espagne \"de mani\u00e8re l\u00e9gale et ininterrompue pendant au moins cinq ans avant leur demande d'inscription sur les listes \u00e9lectorales\". Les personnes originaires de Norv\u00e8ge et du Royaume-Uni qui r\u00e9sident r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en Espagne depuis trois ans pourront \u00e9galement voter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tous les immigrants ayant acquis la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole auront \u00e9galement le droit de vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9lections r\u00e9gionales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seuls les ressortissants espagnols peuvent voter aux \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, lors de ces \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales, seuls les immigr\u00e9s ayant acquis la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole auront le droit de vote, comme le pr\u00e9voit la Constitution espagnole. L'article 13 de la Constitution stipule que \"seuls les Espagnols\" ont le droit de vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, comme l'indique l'article 39 de la loi organique 5\/1985 sur le r\u00e9gime \u00e9lectoral g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ou loi \u00e9lectorale, les personnes ayant le droit de vote aux \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales, y compris les immigr\u00e9s naturalis\u00e9s, doivent \u00eatre inscrites sur les listes \u00e9lectorales \u00e0 partir du premier jour du deuxi\u00e8me mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant les \u00e9lections, c'est-\u00e0-dire, dans le cas des \u00e9lections du 28 mai, qu'elles avaient jusqu'au 1er f\u00e9vrier 2023 pour le faire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seuls les immigr\u00e9s ayant obtenu la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole pourront voter aux \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales viennent d'\u00eatre convoqu\u00e9es pour le 23 juillet, soit pr\u00e8s d'un semestre avant la fin de la l\u00e9gislature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les immigr\u00e9s pourront-ils voter ? Seulement s'ils ont obtenu la nationalit\u00e9 espagnole. De plus, comme l'indique la loi \u00e9lectorale, ces personnes doivent \u00eatre inscrites sur les listes \u00e9lectorales avant le premier jour du deuxi\u00e8me mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, c'est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 partir du 1er mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9trangers sans papiers ne peuvent en aucun cas voter aux \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9trangers en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re n'ont pas de permis de s\u00e9jour l\u00e9gal en Espagne, une condition qui doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e lors de la demande de vote pour le recensement s'il y a un accord pr\u00e9alable. Par cons\u00e9quent, ils ne peuvent voter \u00e0 aucune des \u00e9lections : g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, r\u00e9gionales ou municipales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Espagne peuvent voter.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ans un monde de plus en plus globalis\u00e9, le droit de vote est devenu une question fondamentale dans de nombreuses d\u00e9mocraties, et l'Espagne ne fait pas exception. Sous certaines conditions, la possibilit\u00e9 pour les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Espagne de voter est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Le titre de cet article, \"Comment les \u00e9trangers ou les immigr\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Espagne peuvent-ils voter ?\", met en lumi\u00e8re cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9volutive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'objectif de cet article est d'explorer et de comprendre le cadre juridique qui permet aux \u00e9trangers et aux immigr\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Espagne de participer \u00e0 la vie politique du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous aborderons des questions cl\u00e9s telles que les trait\u00e9s internationaux, la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 et les r\u00e9glementations locales qui dictent les circonstances dans lesquelles un r\u00e9sident non national peut exercer son droit de vote. Dans un contexte de plus en plus multiculturel, il est essentiel de garantir l'inclusion politique de tous les r\u00e9sidents, quelle que soit leur origine.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bienvenido al blog Meridional. Hoy vamos a tocar un tema de actualidad: \u00bfC\u00f3mo pueden votar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4758,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"qubely_global_settings":"","qubely_interactions":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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